Transmission and Risk Areas
Yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South and Central America, with risk increasing during the rainy season. Many countries in these areas require proof of vaccination for entry, so travellers should check their destination’s requirements in advance (Fit for Travel, 2023).
Importance of the Vaccine
The yellow fever vaccine is crucial for preventing the disease, which can be fatal in up to 60% of severe cases. A single dose of the vaccine provides lifelong protection for most individuals, making it a vital consideration for travellers to affected regions (World Health Organization, 2023).
Who Should Get the Vaccine
High-Risk Travellers
Individuals travelling to endemic areas or countries requiring vaccination should receive the yellow fever vaccine. This includes people aged 9 months to 59 years (CDC, 2023).
Vaccine Requirements for Certain Countries
Many countries require proof of yellow fever vaccination for entry, particularly if travelling from a region where yellow fever is present. It is essential to check specific country requirements before travel (NHS, 2023).
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms typically appear 3 to 6 days after infection. In the acute phase, these may include fever and chills, headache, muscle pain (often in the back and knees), sensitivity to light, red eyes or face, nausea or vomiting, loss of appetite, and dizziness. Symptoms usually improve within a few days. However, around 15% of cases progress to a toxic phase, which can be life-threatening, with symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), bleeding, shock, organ failure, and brain dysfunction (NHS, 2023).
The Vaccination
• Course: One injection.
• When to get vaccinated: At least 10 days before you travel. Your certificate becomes valid 10 days after you have had the jab.
• Side effects: Common side effects include soreness at the injection site, headache, muscle pain & low-grade fever.
• Children: Not usually recommended for children under nine months, however, we only vaccinate children aged 12 years and older.