Transmission and Risk Areas
Tetanus spores are commonly found in soil and manure worldwide. The risk of contracting tetanus increases in rural areas or places with poor sanitation. Travellers should be particularly cautious if they plan to engage in activities that could lead to cuts or injuries (Fit for Travel, 2023).
Importance of the Vaccine
Vaccination against tetanus is crucial for preventing this potentially fatal disease. The vaccine helps develop immunity, significantly reducing the risk of infection. It is particularly important for travellers heading to regions where medical facilities may be inadequate for treating tetanus-prone injuries (NHS, 2023).
Who Should Get the Vaccine
High-Risk Individuals
Individuals travelling to areas with limited medical facilities or those engaging in activities that increase injury risk should ensure they are up-to-date with their tetanus vaccinations. This includes backpackers, aid workers, and anyone involved in outdoor activities (Jane Chiodini, 2023).
Children and Adults
The routine schedule for tetanus vaccination in the UK includes five doses throughout childhood, with boosters recommended every ten years thereafter. Adults who have not received their booster within this timeframe should consult their GP before travelling (NHS, 2023).
Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms typically develop within 10 to 21 days after infection and may include stiff jaw (lockjaw), painful muscle spasms, difficulty breathing, high fever, sweating, rapid heartbeat and seizures. If untreated, tetanus can lead to severe complications, including coma or death (NHS, 2023).
The Vaccination
• Course: A set of 6 doses throughout childhood is recommended. Booster doses of the vaccine should be taken every 10 years.
• When to get vaccinated: At least one month before travel, or within 48 hours of an injury which breaks the skin.
• Side effects: Side effects include redness at the injection site, fatigue or mild fever.
• Children: The vaccine is suitable for children less than 1 year old, however, we only vaccinate children aged 12 years and older.